It is easy to pinpoint the pivotal stallion who keyed the resurgence of European Thoroughbred breeding to the pinnacle of global prestige and quality after American-breds had dominated the international racing scene for 30 years. In fact, it is easy to pinpoint one particular race that foretold much of what was to come in Europe around the turn of the 21st century.

Young Hill ‘n’ Dale Farm stallion Violence recorded three winners on Saturday, narrowing the gap in the freshman sire race with just over a month remaining in the racing season.

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Time and Motion and Dickinson, both turf Grade 1-winning homebreds for prominent operations, have been retired from racing and will begin their broodmare careers next spring at the Lexington, Ky., hubs of their respective outfits.

Champion Songbird, purchased for a near-record $9.5 million by Mandy Pope two weeks ago, will be bred to champion Arrogate in 2018 for her first foal.

The centennial of the birth of America’s greatest racehorse Man o’ War has been duly noted by the popular media, but it is perhaps difficult for contemporary readers to understand why Man o’ War is still so revered 100 years on from his birth. It is true that Man o’ War performed feats never seen before on an American (or perhaps any) racecourse, setting five world time records, winning the Lawrence Realization Stakes by 100 lengths, and making even his solitary defeat memorable by succumbing to the most appropriately named equine villain of all time, Upset.

Factum, a half-brother to leading commercial sire War Front, will relocate to Poplar Creek Horse Center in Bethel, Ohio for the 2018 breeding season for a private fee.

The 9-year-old Storm Cat horse last stood publicly at Stonehedge Farm South in Williston, Fla.

Factum has sired three crops of racing age, with 28 winners and combined progeny earnings of $750,960. His runners are led by the stakes-placed Brother Fred.

Grade 1 winner El Deal has been retired from racing, with future stud plans to be determined.

The 5-year-old son of Munnings ends his career with nine wins in 17 starts and earnings of $575,025, racing last for trainer Jorge Navarro and owners Al and Michelle Crawford, who bought the horse privately this spring.

Grade 3 winner Ocean Knight has been retired from racing and will enter stud at Get Away Farm in Lowell, Fla., for the 2018 breeding season.

A fee of $4,000 has been set for the 5-year-old Curlin horse, who finished his ontrack career with four wins in 15 starts and earnings of $390,000. His biggest victory came in the Grade 3 Sam F. Davis Stakes, with in-the-money efforts in the Grade 2 Kelso Handicap and Grade 3 Discovery Handicap.

Ocean Knight raced for Stonestreet Stables, and he was trained by Kiaran McLaughlin.

Airoforce, a Grade 2 winner, has been retired to Swifty Farms in Seymour, Ind., where he will stand the 2018 breeding season for an advertised fee of $2,500.

The 4-year-old Colonel John colt was purchased by Jeff and Stacey Jeans for $12,000 on Tuesday during the racing-age portion of the Keeneland November breeding stock sale.

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Grade 2 winner Protonico will relocate to Darby Dan Farm in Lexington, Ky. for the 2018 breeding season, where he will stand for an advertised fee of $6,500.

The 6-year-old son of Giant’s Causeway stood his debut season this year at Taylor Made Stallions in Nicholasville, Ky., for the same price.